Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and its incidence is still increasing. Obesity is an excess of fat, which can have harmful consequences such as inflammation, insulin resistance or dyslipidemia. Taken together, these conditions are known as metabolic syndrome (MetS). More and more studies consider obesity from a postprandial perspective: parameters such as triglyceridemia, endotoxemia or hormone secretion may have deeper postprandial metabolic consequences than during the fasting state. These effects take even more importance when we consider that humans spend more than half of the day in a postprandial state. This review focuses on the postprandial state in a fat-enriched diet and on the consequences of intestinal lipid absorption, putting the intestine in a central place in the development of obesity / MetS. Finally, we describe the crucial role of the lipid receptor cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) for gut lipid absorption and the alterations that occur in CD36 dysfunction.