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Pré-Publication, Document De Travail (Preprint/Prepublication) Année : 2022

Ancient and Modern Wheat Varieties: A Trade-Off between Soil Co2 Emissions and Crop Yield?

Laly Rouch,
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  • PersonId : 1147584
Stéphane Follain
Eric Pimet
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  • PersonId : 1205930
Florian Bizouard
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  • PersonId : 1204885
Manuel Blouin

Résumé

Humanity is facing two great challenges: produce enough food for a growing population and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we investigated the choice of specific wheat varieties to improve carbon storage in soil while producing enough grain to assure food security. We hypothesize that ancient wheat varieties could store more carbon than modern ones, due to a likely bigger and deeper root system or to more recalcitrant root organic matter. We conducted a field experiment with four modern and four ancient wheat varieties, on four different sites chosen for their different soil properties. Root morphology was assessed by image analysis and potential CO 2 emissions by incubating soil and roots from each agronomic modality for 60 days. Since in situ carbon storage is not possible to detect in one year and since wheat is included in crop rotations that prevent repeating the same experiment for several years in the same place, we estimated expected CO 2 emissions by calculating the quantity of CO 2 that would have been emitted for one square meter, given the measured amount of root organic matter. The yield was also measured for ancient and modern varieties. The breeding type (ancient versus modern varieties) affected root length in two of our four sites, with longer roots for ancient varieties, but it did not affect other root traits such as biomass. The breeding type also affected CO 2 emissions, with higher measured CO 2 emissions for modern than ancient varieties in Arenic Cambisol conditions (Morvan), and higher estimated (considering root biomass variations) CO 2 emissions for modern varieties in Rendzic Leptosol conditions (Saint Romain). Root traits and CO 2 emissions were also dependent on the soil properties of the different sites. We did not find any significant differences in grain yield between ancient and modern varieties. A possible trade-off between carbon storage and grain production was expected, but our results suggest that some types of soil can support both high yield and C storage, especially those with an important depth, a neutral pH and a fine texture.
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Dates et versions

hal-03926361 , version 1 (06-01-2023)

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Laly Rouch,, Stéphane Follain, Eric Pimet, Florian Bizouard, Elodie Cognard, et al.. Ancient and Modern Wheat Varieties: A Trade-Off between Soil Co2 Emissions and Crop Yield?. 2022. ⟨hal-03926361⟩
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